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| - | **Geography Summer Exam Revision** | + | ====== Geography Summer Exam Revision ====== |
| - | __Plate Tectonics:__ | ||
| - | __Plates:__ Below are examples which you need to learn for the test. | ||
| - | Colliding: The Himalayas are an example of the collision of two continental plates | + | __ Plate Tectonics:__ |
| + | |||
| - | Separating: Mid-Atlantic Ridge | ||
| - | Sliding Past Each Other: San Andreas Fault | ||
| + | Plates: Below are examples which you need to learn for the test. | ||
| - | __Structure Of The Earth__ | + | Colliding: <color #00a2e8>The Himalayas are an example of the collision of two continental plates</color> |
| + | |||
| + | Separating: <color #ff7f27>Mid-Atlantic Ridge</color> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Sliding Past Each Other: <color #ffaec9>San Andreas Fault</color> | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | //Structure Of The Earth// | ||
| + | |||
| + | - Plate: | ||
| + | - Plate Boundary: Where plates meet | ||
| + | - Crust: The thin outer layer of the earth | ||
| + | - Mantle: Consists of both hot molten and semi-hot molten rock known as magma. It moves around in very slow currents. | ||
| + | - Outer Core: Consists of liquid nickel and iron (molten) | ||
| + | - Inner Core: The solid centre of the earth. | ||
| + | |||
| + | //Convection Currents// | ||
| + | |||
| + | The earth's core heats the <color #ed1c24>magma</color> up towards the <color #ed1c24>earth's crust</color>. | ||
| + | As the magma <color #ed1c24>rises</color> it begins to <color #ed1c24>cool</color>. | ||
| + | The cool magma becomes heavier and heavier causing it to <color #ed1c24>sink</color> back towards the earths <color #ed1c24>core.</color> | ||
| + | This circular motion causes a continuous movement of magma (convection currents) in the <color #ed1c24>mantle</color>. | ||
| + | Convection currents cause tectonic plates to move very slowly. | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | __Earthquakes__ | ||
| + | |||
| + | //The four parts of an earthquake are:// | ||
| + | |||
| + | - Focus (the point within the earth where an earthquake rupture starts) | ||
| + | - Epicentre (point on surface directly above focus) | ||
| + | - Shock Waves (waves that transmit energy released by earthquakes, spread out in circles from core focus)) | ||
| + | - Fault (large crack in the earths crust) | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | //Case Study: Chile// | ||
| + | |||
| + | - <color #22b14c>300km</color> from capitol Santiago | ||
| + | - <color #22b14c>35km</color> from the pacific ocean | ||
| + | - <color #22b14c>8.8</color> on the magnitude scale | ||
| + | - More than <color #22b14c>500</color> people left dead | ||
| + | - Damage cost was <color #22b14c>$30</color> billion | ||
| + | - Central towns hit by t-sunmai waves | ||
| + | - Febuary 10th 2010 | ||
| + | - More than <color #22b14c>400,00</color> severely damaged/destroyed | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | __Volcanos__ | ||
| + | |||
| + | //Formation of a volcano// | ||
| + | |||
| + | * When two volcanos separate or collide, magma can rise from the mantle. | ||
| + | * It fills the space in the crust -vent in an eruption | ||
| + | * Magma cools and hardens at the surface. This is called lava | ||
| + | * Layers of ash and lava build up around the vent | ||
| + | * This forms a cone shaped mountain with a crater | ||
| + | |||
| + | __Mass Movement__ | ||
| + | |||
| + | 4 aspects that affect mass movement are: | ||
| + | - <color #fff200>Water</color> - Water makes the regolith (material) heavier, causing it to move faster down slopes | ||
| + | - <color #ff7f27>Vegetation</color> - Roots of tree's and plants help keep the soil together, helping to prevent mass movement | ||
| + | - <color #ed1c24>Human Interaction</color> - Humans speed up mass movement when they makes hills/slopes more unstable ex. roads/quarry | ||
| + | - <color #00a2e8>Slope or Gradient</color> - The steeper the gradient, the faster loose regolith can travel down it | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | __Sea__ | ||
| + | |||
| + | Form of erosion - | ||
| + | |||
| + | __River__ | ||
| + | |||
| + | Form of deposition - | ||
| + | |||
| + | __Process of Erosion + Deposition__ | ||
| + | |||
| + | //Erosion:// | ||
| + | * <color #c3c3c3>Hydraulic Action</color>: Motion of water hitting the surface | ||
| + | * <color #b5e61d>Abrasion</color>: Scraping/wearing away of rocks | ||
| + | * <color #ff7f27>Attrition</color>: Impact of rock grains hitting of each other | ||
| + | * <color #ffaec9>Solution</color>: Minerals are dissolved in water and carried along | ||
| + | |||
| + | //Deposition:// | ||
| + | |||
| + | __Maps__ | ||
| + | |||
| + | * line number to the right | ||
| + | * key on back of map | ||
| + | * always has to be exact | ||
| - | The inner core | ||
geography/summer_exam_revision.1651167809.txt.gz · Last modified: 2022/04/28 17:43 by 109.255.242.91
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