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| - | **Geography Summer Exam Revision** | + | ====== Geography Summer Exam Revision ====== |
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| + | __ Plate Tectonics:__ | ||
| + | |||
| - | Geography Summer Exam Revision | ||
| - | Plate Tectonics: | ||
| Plates: Below are examples which you need to learn for the test. | Plates: Below are examples which you need to learn for the test. | ||
| - | Colliding: The Himalayas are an example of the collision of two continental plates | + | Colliding: <color #00a2e8>The Himalayas are an example of the collision of two continental plates</color> |
| - | Separating: Mid-Atlantic Ridge | + | Separating: <color #ff7f27>Mid-Atlantic Ridge</color> |
| - | Sliding Past Each Other: San Andreas Fault | + | Sliding Past Each Other: <color #ffaec9>San Andreas Fault</color> |
| - | Structure Of The Earth | + | //Structure Of The Earth// |
| - | Plate: | + | - Plate: |
| - | Plate Boundary: Where plates meet | + | - Plate Boundary: Where plates meet |
| - | Crust: The thin outer layer of the earth | + | - Crust: The thin outer layer of the earth |
| - | Mantle: Consists of both hot molten and semi-hot molten rock known as magma. It moves around in very slow currents. | + | - Mantle: Consists of both hot molten and semi-hot molten rock known as magma. It moves around in very slow currents. |
| - | Outer Core: Consists of liquid nickel and iron (molten) | + | - Outer Core: Consists of liquid nickel and iron (molten) |
| - | Inner Core: The solid centre of the earth. | + | - Inner Core: The solid centre of the earth. |
| - | Convection Currents | + | //Convection Currents// |
| - | The earth's core heats the magma up towards the earth's crust. | + | The earth's core heats the <color #ed1c24>magma</color> up towards the <color #ed1c24>earth's crust</color>. |
| - | As the magma rises it begins to cool. | + | As the magma <color #ed1c24>rises</color> it begins to <color #ed1c24>cool</color>. |
| - | The cool magma becomes heavier and heavier causing it to sink back towards the earths core or magma chamber. | + | The cool magma becomes heavier and heavier causing it to <color #ed1c24>sink</color> back towards the earths <color #ed1c24>core.</color> |
| - | This circular movement causes a continuous movement of magma (convection currents) in the mantle. | + | This circular motion causes a continuous movement of magma (convection currents) in the <color #ed1c24>mantle</color>. |
| Convection currents cause tectonic plates to move very slowly. | Convection currents cause tectonic plates to move very slowly. | ||
| - | Earthquakes | ||
| - | The four parts of an earthquake are: | ||
| - | Focus (the point within the earth where an earthquake rupture starts) | + | __Earthquakes__ |
| - | Epicentre (point on surface directly above focus) | + | |
| - | Shock Waves (waves that transmit energy released by earthquakes, spread out in circles from core focus)) | + | |
| - | Fault (large crack in the earths crust) | + | |
| + | //The four parts of an earthquake are:// | ||
| + | - Focus (the point within the earth where an earthquake rupture starts) | ||
| + | - Epicentre (point on surface directly above focus) | ||
| + | - Shock Waves (waves that transmit energy released by earthquakes, spread out in circles from core focus)) | ||
| + | - Fault (large crack in the earths crust) | ||
| - | Case Study: Chile | ||
| - | 300km from capitol Santiago | ||
| - | 35km from the pacific ocean | ||
| - | 8.8 on the magnitude scale | ||
| - | More than 500 people left dead | ||
| - | Damage cost was $30 billion | ||
| - | Central towns hit by t-sunmai waves | ||
| - | Febuary 10th 2010 | ||
| - | More than 400,00 severely damaged/destroyed | ||
| - | Volcanos | + | //Case Study: Chile// |
| - | Formation of a volcano | + | - <color #22b14c>300km</color> from capitol Santiago |
| + | - <color #22b14c>35km</color> from the pacific ocean | ||
| + | - <color #22b14c>8.8</color> on the magnitude scale | ||
| + | - More than <color #22b14c>500</color> people left dead | ||
| + | - Damage cost was <color #22b14c>$30</color> billion | ||
| + | - Central towns hit by t-sunmai waves | ||
| + | - Febuary 10th 2010 | ||
| + | - More than <color #22b14c>400,00</color> severely damaged/destroyed | ||
| - | When two volcanos separate or collide, magma can rise from the mantle. | ||
| - | It fills the space in the crust -vent in an eruption | ||
| - | Magma cools and hardens at the surface. This is called lava | ||
| - | Layers of ash and lava build up around the vent | ||
| - | This forms a cone shaped mountain with a crater | ||
| - | Mass Movement | ||
| - | Sea | + | __Volcanos__ |
| + | |||
| + | //Formation of a volcano// | ||
| + | |||
| + | * When two volcanos separate or collide, magma can rise from the mantle. | ||
| + | * It fills the space in the crust -vent in an eruption | ||
| + | * Magma cools and hardens at the surface. This is called lava | ||
| + | * Layers of ash and lava build up around the vent | ||
| + | * This forms a cone shaped mountain with a crater | ||
| + | |||
| + | __Mass Movement__ | ||
| + | |||
| + | 4 aspects that affect mass movement are: | ||
| + | - <color #fff200>Water</color> - Water makes the regolith (material) heavier, causing it to move faster down slopes | ||
| + | - <color #ff7f27>Vegetation</color> - Roots of tree's and plants help keep the soil together, helping to prevent mass movement | ||
| + | - <color #ed1c24>Human Interaction</color> - Humans speed up mass movement when they makes hills/slopes more unstable ex. roads/quarry | ||
| + | - <color #00a2e8>Slope or Gradient</color> - The steeper the gradient, the faster loose regolith can travel down it | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | __Sea__ | ||
| Form of erosion - | Form of erosion - | ||
| + | |||
| + | __River__ | ||
| + | |||
| + | Form of deposition - | ||
| + | |||
| + | __Process of Erosion + Deposition__ | ||
| + | |||
| + | //Erosion:// | ||
| + | * <color #c3c3c3>Hydraulic Action</color>: Motion of water hitting the surface | ||
| + | * <color #b5e61d>Abrasion</color>: Scraping/wearing away of rocks | ||
| + | * <color #ff7f27>Attrition</color>: Impact of rock grains hitting of each other | ||
| + | * <color #ffaec9>Solution</color>: Minerals are dissolved in water and carried along | ||
| + | |||
| + | //Deposition:// | ||
| + | |||
| + | __Maps__ | ||
| + | |||
| + | * line number to the right | ||
| + | * key on back of map | ||
| + | * always has to be exact | ||
geography/summer_exam_revision.1652376084.txt.gz · Last modified: 2022/05/12 17:21 by shane
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