====== Geography Summer Exam Revision ======



 __ Plate Tectonics:__
 



Plates: Below are examples which you need to learn for the test.

Colliding: <color #00a2e8>The Himalayas are an example of the collision of two continental plates</color>

Separating: <color #ff7f27>Mid-Atlantic Ridge</color>

Sliding Past Each Other: <color #ffaec9>San Andreas Fault</color> 


//Structure Of The Earth//

  - Plate:                  
  - Plate Boundary: Where plates meet
  - Crust: The thin outer layer of the earth
  - Mantle: Consists of both hot molten and semi-hot molten rock known as magma. It moves around in very slow currents.
  - Outer Core: Consists of liquid nickel and iron (molten)
  - Inner Core: The solid centre of the earth.

//Convection Currents//

The earth's core heats the <color #ed1c24>magma</color> up towards the <color #ed1c24>earth's crust</color>.
As the magma <color #ed1c24>rises</color> it begins to <color #ed1c24>cool</color>.
The cool magma becomes heavier and heavier causing it to <color #ed1c24>sink</color> back towards the earths <color #ed1c24>core.</color> 
This circular motion causes a continuous movement of magma (convection currents) in the <color #ed1c24>mantle</color>. 
Convection currents cause tectonic plates to move very slowly.



__Earthquakes__

//The four parts of an earthquake are://

  - Focus (the point within the earth where an earthquake rupture starts)
  - Epicentre (point on surface directly above focus)
  - Shock Waves (waves that transmit energy released by earthquakes, spread out in circles from core focus))
  - Fault (large crack in the earths crust)



//Case Study: Chile//

  -  <color #22b14c>300km</color> from capitol Santiago
  -  <color #22b14c>35km</color> from the pacific ocean
  -  <color #22b14c>8.8</color> on the magnitude scale
  -  More than <color #22b14c>500</color> people left dead
  -  Damage cost was <color #22b14c>$30</color> billion
  -  Central towns hit by t-sunmai waves
  -  Febuary 10th 2010
  -  More than <color #22b14c>400,00</color> severely damaged/destroyed 



__Volcanos__

//Formation of a volcano//

  * When two volcanos separate or collide, magma can rise from the mantle.
  * It fills the space in the crust -vent in an eruption
  * Magma cools and hardens at the surface. This is called lava
  * Layers of ash and lava build up around the vent
  * This forms a cone shaped mountain with a crater

__Mass Movement__

4 aspects that affect mass movement are:
  - <color #fff200>Water</color> - Water makes the regolith (material) heavier, causing it to move faster down slopes
  - <color #ff7f27>Vegetation</color> - Roots of tree's and plants help keep the soil together, helping to prevent mass movement
  - <color #ed1c24>Human Interaction</color> - Humans speed up mass movement when they makes hills/slopes more unstable ex. roads/quarry
  - <color #00a2e8>Slope or Gradient</color> - The steeper the gradient, the faster loose regolith can travel down it


__Sea__

Form of erosion - 

__River__

Form of deposition - 

__Process of Erosion + Deposition__

//Erosion://
  * <color #c3c3c3>Hydraulic Action</color>: Motion of water hitting the surface
  * <color #b5e61d>Abrasion</color>: Scraping/wearing away of rocks
  * <color #ff7f27>Attrition</color>: Impact of rock grains hitting of each other 
  * <color #ffaec9>Solution</color>: Minerals are dissolved in water and carried along

//Deposition://

__Maps__

  * line number to the right
  * key on back of map 
  * always has to be exact